Kharif: Crops are sown at the beginning of the South -West monsoon and harvested at the end of the South -West monsoon. Important crops: Jowar, bajra, rice, maize, cotton, Jute, groundnut, sugarcane, tobacco etc.
Rabi: Crops need relatively cool climate during the period of growth but warm climate during the germination of their seed and maturation. Sowing season- (October -December) and harvesting season (February – April). Important Crops: Wheat, barley, gram, linseed, mustard, masur, peas and potatoes.
Zaid: Crops which are being raised throughout the year due to artificial irrigation.
Zaid Kharif: Sown in August-September and harvested in December-January. Important crops include rice, jowar, rapeseed, cotton and oilseeds.
Zaid Rabi: Sown in February – March and harvested in April -May. Important crops are watermelon, cucumber, leafy and other vegetables.
Intensive method: It is practiced where the supply of land is limited and density of population is high. China, Japan, India, UK, Holland, Germany and Belgium practice this method.
Extensive method: It is practiced in sparsely populated area – where per man land area is higher and where there is scope for bringing additional land under cultivation e.g. USA, Russia, Australia, Argentina and Brazil.
Shifting cultivation: A primitive form of agriculture practiced mainly in the tropics wherein a plot of land incultivated for a few years, until the production declines due to soil exhaustion.
Plantation farming: An estate farming mostly in tropical and subtropical regions devoted to large scale production of one or more cash crops e.g. Coffee,Rubber and Tea, etc.
Mixed farming: It refers to the combination of agriculture and livestock farming.
Nomadic Herding: It’s a type of shifting pastoral farming in which pastoralists move from one place to another in search of good pasture. It is mainly practiced in arid and hilly regions and primitive societies.Animals like Cattle, sheep and goat are reared for milk, meat, wool etc.
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