Vocabulary for all competitive exams 29-10-2019

1. SHODDY (adjective) : तुच्छ  
Meaning: badly made or done.
Synonyms: trashy, crude, junky, duff.
Antonyms: prestigious, reputed, elegant, upright.
Usage: Because of shoddy accounting practices, our firm is being audited.


2. VERNACULAR (Noun) : मातृभाषा
Meaning: the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people of a country or region.
Synonym: everyday language, spoken language, colloquial speech, slang
Usage: To hold the interest of the community, the playwright penned his play using only the local vernacular.

3. VITIATE(Verb) : भ्रष्ट करना
Meaning: spoil or impair the quality or efficiency of.
Synonym: poison, spoil, stain, tarnish, touch, taint
Antonym: Clean, honor, purify
Usage: When peers and bullies apply pressure, it can vitiate the moral character of young people and lead them down the wrong path.

4. CHRONIC (Adjective) : नियमित
Meaning: continuing or occurring again and again for a long time,  happening or existing frequently or most of the time, always or often doing something specified
Synonym: natural; persistent, regular,
Antonym: unaccustomed, unused; intermittent, occasional
Usage: He suffers from chronic arthritis.

5. CULMINATE(Verb) : समापन

Meaning: to have as a result or be the final result of a process

Synonyms: conclude, climax
Antonyms: begin, commence
Usage: My arguments with the boss got worse and worse, and finally culminated in my resignation.

6. REPULSE(Verb) : हार
Meaning: to push someone or something back or away, esp. to successfully stop an attack
Synonyms: check, defeat
Antonyms: attraction, success
Usage: The attacks were repulsed by means of tear smoke.
7. RATIONAL(Adjective) : युक्तिसंगत
Meaning: based on clear thought and reason
Synonyms: intelligent, judicious
Antonyms: careless, foolish
Usage: Bayesian analysis provides a rational basis for the qualitative form of set-theoretic models of similarity.
8. COUNTERACT(Verb) : प्रतिक्रिया
Meaning: to work in opposition to
Synonyms: halt, negate
Antonyms: allow, aid
Example: This ingredient seems to counteract the other ones.9. Peculiar(Adjective) : अजीब
Meaning: strange, bizarre
Synonyms: distinct, unique
Antonyms: similar, usual
Example: Upon entering the abandoned house, Kate experienced a peculiar feeling, as if someone was watching her.

10. Refute(Verb) : खंडन 
Meaning: to prove to be untrue, unfounded, or incorrect
Synonyms: counter, expose
Antonyms: agree, aid
Example: The student refuted the professor’s claim in class.


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